This book offers a comprehensive exploration of anaesthesia complications, focusing on both prevention and management strategies that are crucial for ensuring patient safety throughout the perioperative period. The introduction lays the foundation by discussing the broad spectrum of complications that can arise from anaesthesia, highlighting how despite advances in techniques and monitoring, these risks persist due to patient variability, procedural complexity, and inherent challenges of anesthetic care. It emphasizes the importance of vigilance, preparedness, and a systematic approach to anticipate, recognize, and respond to complications promptly. The section on preoperative considerations underscores the vital role of thorough patient evaluation before surgery. It explores how identifying risk factors such as comorbidities, allergies, and anatomical variations can guide the anesthesiologist in tailoring an individualized anesthetic plan. Optimization of chronic conditions, patient education, and coordination with multidisciplinary teams are discussed as key steps in minimizing perioperative risk. This segment sets the stage for understanding how prevention begins well before the patient enters the operating room. Airway-related complications receive detailed attention given their potential for rapid deterioration. The book delves into challenges such as difficult airway management, aspiration risk, and airway obstruction, explaining the anatomical and physiological factors that contribute to these hazards. It outlines strategies to prevent and manage these issues, including thorough airway assessment, availability of advanced airway devices, and adherence to established protocols. This section reinforces the principle that airway safety is paramount in anesthetic practice.